What is meant by the term "scud running" in aviation?

The term "scud running" refers to the practice of flying at low altitudes in poor visibility conditions in order to navigate around or below clouds. This technique is often employed by pilots when weather conditions prevent safe flight at higher altitudes, and they are attempting to remain visually oriented with the terrain or other reference points.

Scud running can be risky due to the potential for encountering obstacles or rapidly changing weather conditions, which can lead to dangerous situations if the pilot is not adequately trained or prepared for such maneuvers. It is not advisable as a standard technique, especially in situations where visual references are minimal and the pilot's ability to maintain situational awareness is compromised.

The other options describe scenarios that do not accurately capture the essence of scud running. For instance, flying at high altitudes in clear weather or performing maneuvers above the clouds does not relate to low-level, poor visibility flying. Similarly, conducting a rapid descent to land does not align with the concept of scud running, which implies maintaining a low altitude to manage visibility instead of executing a quick descent for landing purposes.