What does the "G-meter" measure?

The "G-meter," also known as an accelerometer, specifically measures the forces of acceleration exerted on the aircraft, commonly described in terms of 'g's' (gravitational units). In flight, this instrument provides pilots with critical information regarding the load factor experienced by the aircraft during maneuvers, which is essential for understanding the limits of structural integrity and performance.

When an aircraft maneuvers, it experiences various forces based on its speed, altitude, and direction of flight. The G-meter enables pilots to monitor these changes, ensuring that they do not exceed the aircraft’s design limitations, especially during sharp turns, climbs, or descents where high g-forces can be present. This measurement is crucial for maintaining safe operational practices, as excessive g-forces can lead to structural damage or loss of control.

Other options do not relate to the function of the G-meter. Measuring speed would typically be done with a pitot tube and airspeed indicator, altitude is assessed through altimeters, and fuel consumption is monitored using fuel flow meters or gauges. Thus, the G-meter plays an invaluable role in ensuring the safety and performance of flight operations by directly relating to the aircraft's acceleration and load factors.