How is a standard rate turn defined for low- or medium-speed aircraft?

A standard rate turn for low- or medium-speed aircraft is defined as a turn rate of 3° per second. This standard is important for maintaining consistent performance and handling characteristics during instrument flight. At this rate, an aircraft will complete a full 360° turn in precisely 2 minutes. This consistency allows pilots to maintain controlled flight while transitioning through various phases of flight without excessive banking or increased stall risk.

The standard rate is particularly significant in instrument flying, where maintaining situational awareness and adherence to procedures is crucial. By being trained to use this standard rate of turn, pilots can ensure that they are capable of executing turns as specified by air traffic control and within instrument approaches, enhancing safety in crowded airspace or during approach and departure phases.

Maintaining a turn rate of 3° per second ensures that aircraft do not inadvertently enter the danger zone of exceeding the aircraft's performance limits or becoming disoriented. Understanding this concept is vital for instrument-rated pilots, especially as they work with various navigation and control systems that may rely on predictable turn rates.